How To Post Notifications

Now that we’re observing for a notification, let’s post it! Posting a notification is simple:

NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .didReceiveData, object: nil)

The function post(name:object:userInfo:) has 3 parameters:

1. The first parameter is name, the notification name, of type Notification.Name. It’s exactly the same as the notification you’re observing, and it’s smart to use that extension here too.
2. The second parameter is object, the sender of the notification. You can leave it empty with nil or use any object. It’s purpose is the same as the object parameter of addObserver(...), so you can use it to filter the sender of a notification.
3. The third parameter is userInfo, and you can use it to send extra data with the notification. The parameter is not required, so you can leave it out if you don’t need it.

Let’s say you want to display some data in a table view. The data comes from a JSON webservice, and contains the game scores of Bob, Alice and Arthur.

You register for the .didReceiveData notification in the table view controller, like this:

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(onDidReceiveData(_:)), name: .didReceiveData, object: API.shared)

And the onDidReceiveData(_:) function looks like this:

@objc func onDidReceiveData(_ notification: Notification)
{
    if let data = notification.userInfo as? [String: Int] {
        for (name, score) in data {
            print("\(name) scored \(score) points!")
        }
    }
}

In the example above, this happens:

• First, you’re using conditional binding to downcast the type of userInfo to [String: Int] with the type cast operator as?. Because the type of userInfo is [AnyHashable: Any]? – basically any dictionary – you can downcast its type to the dictionary type you’re expecting. That’s string keys and integer values in the example above. If the cast succeeds, then data contains the value of userInfo as type [String: Int].
• Then, using a for in loop, the items in the data dictionary are iterated. We’re using a tuple (name, score) to decompose the key and value of the dictionary items.
• Finally, inside the loop, we’re printing out the names and scores of Bob, Alice and Arthur.

When we want to post the notification that contains the data, we do this:

let scores = ["Bob": 5, "Alice": 3, "Arthur": 42]

NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .didReceiveData, object: self, userInfo: scores)

See how the scores dictionary is provided as the argument for userInfo? We’re basically sending those score data alongside the notification. They’ll get picked up in onDidReceiveData(_:) and printed out.

Another thing stands out in the example above: the usage of object. When registering the observer, you’re specifying the sender you want to receive notifications from. Like this:

addObserver(···, selector: ···, name: ···, object: API.shared)

Then, when posting the notification we specify the object parameter too. Like this:

.post(name: ···, object: self, userInfo: ···)

You already know that self refers to the current instance of the class we’re in. So when API.shared references the same object as self, the notification is picked up by the observer.

Here’s what that class could look like:

class API
{
    static let shared = API()

    func getData() {
        NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .didReceiveData, object: self, userInfo: ···)
    }
} 

And that’s how we post notifications! Let’s continue with some use cases…

[출처] https://learnappmaking.com/notification-center-how-to-swift/